drawing ray diagrams for concave mirrors

Recorded on August 3, 2010 using a Flip Video camcorder.

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Refracting Telescopes - A Closer Look

The basic design of the refracting telescope is fairly simple. There are no mirrors used in refracting telescopes, as they employ the use of both an objective lens and an eyepiece. The objective lens is used to refract or bend light so that it converges on a focus point or plane. An eyepiece is used to assist the eye in gathering light.

What differing types of refracting telescopes exist?

Galilean Telescope - This type of telescope was invented in 1609 by, you guessed it, Galileo. Though this particular design did help Galileo view the some of the objects in our solar system, it did have some flaws. The flaw rested within the eyepiece, which caused images to appear distorted. This type of telescope is very much obsolete, but Galileo still achieved simply by being one of the first to create such a wonderful piece of technology.

Keplerian Telescope - Invented by Johannes Kepler in 1611, he employed the same principles as Galileo did, but with one key difference. Rather than using a concave eyepiece like Galileo, he employed a convex eyepiece. The downside to this design was that the image being viewed was inverted (upside-down). He did, however achieve a much clearer image and a wider field of view.

Achromatic Refractors - The key difference in an Achromatic Refractor is the use of an objective lens consisting of two separate pieces of glass. These are used to bring two wavelengths, blue and red, into focus on the same plane. These telescopes are widely available today for beginners and amateurs.

Apochromatic Refractors - Following the similar objective design as the Achromatic Refractor, the Apochromatic Refractor uses an objective lens able to bring three wavelengths (red, blue and green) into focus on the same plane. These telescopes are built with extra low dispersion materials to free them from chromatic aberration. These telescopes are geared more towards the more experienced astronomer, but are still relatively simple in usage.

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eye model experiment + concave & convex lense

Experiment on the properties of image, effect of focal length, eye model. Science Exhibition 2005. SMK Agama Pahang, Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Malaysia

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How to make a telescope

Things You'll Need: * Cardboard Tubes * Glue Guns * Convex And Concave Telescope Lenses 1. Step 1 Acquire a pair of lenses - a large convex lens and a small concave one. (Convex lenses are thicker in the center than at the edge; concave ones are thinner in the center.) 2. Step 2 Find two cardboard tubes that will allow one to slide inside the other. 3. Step 3 Figure out how far apart the lenses should be by looking through the smaller lens while holding the larger one out in front of you. When you can focus on an object in the distance, measure how far it is between the two lenses. 4. Step 4 Double that measurement. The length of the two tubes should be about this long. 5. Step 5 Fasten the larger lens on one end of the wider tube. Hot glue is good for this. 6. Step 6 Mount the smaller lens at the opening of the smaller tube. This is the eyepiece. 7. Step 7 Build a gasket from cardboard or Styrofoam if the tube opening is larger than the lens. 8. Step 8 Make sure the lenses line up with each other. The centers should be in the centers of the tubes and the lenses should be parallel with each other. India Becomes Universal Leader In Space www.freewebs.com www.freewebs.com www.freewebs.com www.freewebs.com

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What is a Refracting Telescope?

A refracting telescope uses a lens as its objective to form an image. The refracting telescope was designed for used in a spy glass, but is also used in other devices such as binoculars and telephoto camera lenses.

There are two principles to a refracting telescope, an objective lens and an eyepiece. These two principles gather more light for the human eye and helps to focus and present it in a brighter, clearer, and magnified virtual image. A refractive telescope bends light to cause parallel light rays to converge at a focal point.

Galilean Telescopes are refracting telescopes. Galileo came up with the design in 1608 and uses a convex lens and a concave eyepiece lens. The Galilean telescope magnifies objects up to thirty times. The Galilean telescope was the first telescope to see the planet Jupiter and its moons.

The Keplerian Telescope, invent by Johannes Kepler in 1611 improves upon Galileo's design. The Keplerian Telescope uses a convex lens in opposition to Galileo's concave lens. This allows for a broader field of view and greater eye relief. However, the view is introverted.

An achromatic refractor is a refracting lens which was invented in 1733. The design over came the need for very long focal lengths and used two pieces of glass with different dispersion to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Each side of each piece of glass is ground and polished, at which point the two pieces of glass are assembled together. Achromatic lenses bring two wavelengths together and focus them on the same plane.

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Convex mirror - Gương cầu lồi

Convex mirror - Gương cầu lồi

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PHY112 Week 8

This week was mostly about the properties of light. We did experiments to help us understand how light works. We learned about how convex and concave lenses work. There was a change made to project 2, and I hope it makes things a bit easier.

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